Monday, 16 April 2018
control system
1. Accuracy:
Effective controls generate accurate data and information. Accurate information is essential for effective managerial decisions. Inaccurate controls would divert management efforts and energies on problems that do not exist or have a low priority and would fail to alert managers to serious problems that do require attention.
2. Timeliness:
There are many problems that require immediate attention. If information about such problems does not reach management in a timely manner, then such information may become useless and damage may occur. Accordingly controls must ensure that information reaches the decision makers when they need it so that a meaningful response can follow.
3. Flexibility:
The business and economic environment is highly dynamic in nature. Technological changes occur very fast. A rigid control system would not be suitable for a changing environment. These changes highlight the need for flexibility in planning as well as in control.
Strategic planning must allow for adjustments for unanticipated threats and opportunities. Similarly, managers must make modifications in controlling methods, techniques and systems as they become necessary. An effective control system is one that can be updated quickly as the need arises.
4. Acceptability:
Controls should be such that all people who are affected by it are able to understand them fully and accept them. A control system that is difficult to understand can cause unnecessary mistakes and frustration and may be resented by workers.
Accordingly, employees must agree that such controls are necessary and appropriate and will not have any negative effects on their efforts to achieve their personal as well as organizational goals.
5. Integration:
When the controls are consistent with corporate values and culture, they work in harmony with organizational policies and hence are easier to enforce. These controls become an integrated part of the organizational environment and thus become effective.
6. Economic feasibility:
The cost of a control system must be balanced against its benefits. The system must be economically feasible and reasonable to operate. For example, a high security system to safeguard nuclear secrets may be justified but the same system to safeguard office supplies in a store would not be economically justified. Accordingly the benefits received must outweigh the cost of implementing a control system.
7. Strategic placement:
Effective controls should be placed and emphasized at such critical and strategic control points where failures cannot be tolerated and where time and money costs of failures are greatest.
The objective is to apply controls to the essential aspect of a business where a deviation from the expected standards will do the greatest harm. These control areas include production, sales, finance and customer service.
8. Corrective action:
An effective control system not only checks for and identifies deviation but also is programmed to suggest solutions to correct such a deviation. For example, a computer keeping a record of inventories can be programmed to establish “if-then” guidelines. For example, if inventory of a particular item drops below five percent of maximum inventory at hand, then the computer will signal for replenishment for such items.
9. Emphasis on exception:
A good system of control should work on the exception principle, so that only important deviations are brought to the attention of management, In other words, management does not have to bother with activities that are running smoothly. This will ensure that managerial attention is directed towards error and not towards conformity. This would eliminate unnecessary and uneconomic supervision, marginally beneficial reporting and a waste of managerial time.
Meals of the Day
Do you know all the words for the meals that we eat during the day? Most people probably eat about three main meals every day, but here are seven words for main and other meals that we often use:
breakfast
The first meal of the day. Usually around 6am-9am.
brunch
A meal eaten in the late morning, instead of BReakfast and lUNCH. (informal)
elevenses
A snack (for example, biscuits and coffee). Around 11am. (BrE, informal)
lunch
A meal in the middle of the day. Usually around noon or 1pm.
tea
A light afternoon meal of sandwiches, cakes etc, with a drink of tea. Around 4pm. It is also sometimes called afternoon tea (mainly BrE). The word tea can also refer to a cooked evening meal, around 6pm (BrE).
supper
A light or informal evening meal. Around 6pm-7pm.
dinner
The main meal of the day, eaten either in the middle of the day or in the evening. Usually when people say "dinner", they mean an evening meal, around 7pm-9pm.
How to Prepare 6 course continental menu
To prepare a Continental classical menu, all you have to keep in mind is that you have to plan your menu systematically and everything should be in order.
The following are the key points to be kept in mind while preparing the menu
1. No repetition of color
2. No repetition of ingredients
3. Check seasons availability
4. Always make a full course meal
minimum of at least 6 course.
The following are the 6 course menu you can easily prepare in a restaurant or one can have an idea of how the menu goes.
1. The First Course is alwaysHors d oeuvres: Hors d oeuvres are starters which are generally given in the beginning of the menu. The role of Hors d oeuvres is to stimulate the appetite.
The common continental Hors d oeuvres are
CaviarSaladAny JuiceSnailsPate d foie gras MellonPrawnCorn on the cobAngels on HorsebackGrape fruit etc
2. The second course is Potage which means SOUP these are taken after the Hors d oeuvres . The common Example are
Minestroni soupConsomme FlorentineConsomme AndalouseConsomme JullieneCreme cresyCreme DubarryCreme St. GermainCreme de CeleriTomato soup
3. The third should be a main course which includes pork, turkey, chicken. In French this course is known as Releve The common examples are:
Roast lambRoast duckRoast TurkeyRoast beefRoasted ChickenSaddle of MuttonBaron of beef
4. The Fourth course is always a vegetable course. this course is lighter than the Non veg course and in French is known as Legumes. These include:
Puree de pommesPommes sauteesPommes fritesArtichokeBrocolliAsparagusRatatouille
5. The Fifth course is the cheese course. In French these are known as Fromages. The common Eg. are
CheddarEdamRicottaDanish BlueManchegoStilton
6. The last course is the Dessert. All continental sweet preparation are served. The common Eg. are
Apple pieChocolate souffeCaramel CusatrdCereme brulle
The Example to prepare a perfect menu is:
Date Hotels Name Luncheon/Dinner
Caviar
(acc. lemon wedges, Blinis)
or
Huitres
(acc. lemon wedges, Chilli vinegar)
****************
Creme St.Germain
(acc. Crutons, Grated cheese)
or
Consomme Xavier
(acc. Crutons, Grated Cheese)
****************
Roasted Duck
(acc. Roast Gravey )
or
Boiled mutton
(acc. Pommes Pormentiere)
****************
Asparagus
(acc. Hollandise Sauce)
or
Peas poie
(acc. Vinnigrate)
****************
Cheddar
(acc. Crackers)
or
Edam
(acc. Crackers)
***************
Caramel Custard
***************
Tea/Coffee
This is an example how a 6 course menu is made. This is Quite simple if you have the knowledge of all the continental dish.
Note: Now you can easily make menu from the list of Examples of Hors d oeuvres potage etc.
Have a nice day
au revoir